**The big picture:** DoorDash has agreed to a $131.5 million settlement with New York City for wage theft and late payments affecting over 260,000 couriers, marking the largest such settlement in the city's history. **Why it matters:** This case highlights persistent issues of worker misclassification and under-resourced enforcement in the gig economy, signaling increased scrutiny and potential liabilities for companies relying on independent contractor models. **Between the lines:** - The settlement occurred despite NYC being one of the few cities with a minimum wage for gig delivery workers. - DoorDash admitted to
**The big picture:** DoorDash has appointed WPP Media as its first global media partner, consolidating planning and buying for DoorDash, Deliveroo, and Wolt across more than 40 international markets. This move centralizes marketing efforts for a major player in the global gig economy. **Why it matters:** This strategic consolidation reflects a push for greater operational efficiency and brand consistency across diverse regions for a leading delivery platform. It highlights the increasing global integration of gig economy giants. **Between the lines:** - WPP Media will manage all global media planning and buying. - The consolidation covers three key delivery brands: DoorDash, Deliveroo, and Wolt. - The unified strategy will be implemented across over 40 markets worldwide. **Staffing & HR impact:** While not directly HR-focused, such global operational streamlining can influence how talent acquisition campaigns are managed and executed across diverse regions, potentially impacting recruiter resource allocation and global employer branding efforts. It underscores the importance of integrated strategies for large, distributed workforces. **The bottom line:** Global operational efficiency and brand synergy are paramount for expanding gig economy platforms.
**The big picture:** DoorDash has agreed to a $131.5 million settlement with New York City over allegations of underpaying delivery workers and withholding tips. This resolves claims that the company, and rival Uber Eats, used "design tricks" to deprive workers of over $550 million. **Why it matters:** This significant settlement underscores increasing regulatory scrutiny on gig economy pay practices and worker classification, setting a precedent for how platforms compensate their contingent workforce. Corporate and staffing leaders must monitor evolving labor laws. **Between the lines:** - DoorDash will provide nearly $115 million in relief to approximately 264,000 workers. - The city accused DoorDash and Uber Eats of engineering "design tricks" to deprive workers of tips. - The total alleged tip deprivation across both companies was over $550 million. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and companies utilizing contingent labor face heightened compliance risks regarding pay transparency and worker classification. Such settlements can impact operational costs and gross margins, necessitating robust HR compliance frameworks. **The bottom line:** Expect continued regulatory pressure on gig economy platforms to ensure fair worker compensation.
**The big picture:** New York City Mayor Zohran Kwame Mamdani has secured a record $131.5 million settlement from DoorDash for over 260,000 delivery workers, marking the largest worker settlement in NYC history. This landmark agreement provides significant relief and stronger protections against unemployment for gig workers. **Why it matters:** This settlement sets a major precedent for gig economy companies regarding worker compensation and benefits, signaling increased regulatory scrutiny and potential reclassification pressures nationwide. Corporate leaders must assess their contingent workforce models for similar liabilities. **Between the lines:** - Largest worker settlement in NYC history. - Largest settlement for delivery workers in American municipal history. - Benefits over 260,000 workers with stronger unemployment protections. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms engaging with gig workers or clients utilizing such models face heightened compliance risks and potential operational cost increases. HR departments must re-evaluate worker classification strategies and ensure fair compensation practices to avoid similar legal challenges. **The bottom line:** This ruling underscores a growing trend of municipal and state-level regulatory enforcement targeting gig economy worker protections.
**The big picture:** Australia has introduced "world-leading" minimum pay and new protections for on-demand delivery drivers, including those working for Uber Eats and DoorDash. This marks a significant shift in how gig workers are treated, moving towards more traditional employment standards. **Why it matters:** This precedent could influence global labor regulations, forcing companies to reassess business models reliant on independent contractors and impacting the profitability and operational flexibility of gig platforms worldwide. **Between the lines:** - New standards cover drivers for platforms like Uber Eats and DoorDash. - Mandates minimum pay rates and enhanced worker protections. - Legislation is described as "world-leading" in scope. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR departments must monitor evolving international labor laws, as these changes could increase compliance burdens and operating costs for companies utilizing contingent workforces. It also signals a potential shift in how "independent contractor" status is defined globally. **The bottom line:** The global gig economy faces increasing regulatory pressure to formalize worker rights and compensation.
**The big picture:** Gig workers, especially for platforms like Uber and DoorDash, are increasingly dependent on public assistance, a trend evident since 2025. **Why it matters:** This highlights significant economic instability in the gig economy, prompting concerns for worker welfare and potential regulatory responses. **Between the lines:** - DoorDash, Lyft, and Uber workers were noted for receiving supplemental government benefits in 2025. - The reliance on public assistance is an ongoing issue. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR must prepare for potential regulatory shifts impacting worker classification and benefits, which could raise contingent labor costs and compliance burdens. **The bottom line:** The growing financial precarity of gig workers is a critical issue for the future of flexible work.
**The big picture:** The US Supreme Court unanimously ruled that "last-mile" gig workers engaged in interstate commerce are exempt from mandatory arbitration under the Federal Arbitration Act. This allows them to pursue wage-and-hour claims in court. **Why it matters:** This decision increases legal exposure for companies utilizing specific gig models, potentially leading to more litigation and challenging the widespread use of arbitration agreements for certain contingent workforces. **Between the lines:** - The Federal Arbitration Act's exemption applies to "transportation workers engaged in interstate commerce." - The ruling specifically benefits "last-mile" drivers for programs like Amazon Flex. - It's not a universal solution; many gig workers for platforms like Instacart or DoorDash may still be subject to arbitration. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and employers must review arbitration agreements for transportation-focused contingent workers to ensure compliance. Increased litigation risk for wage disputes could impact operational costs and gross margins. **The bottom line:** Companies must refine worker classification and dispute resolution strategies as specific gig worker segments gain greater access to courts.
**The big picture:** Seattle's Office of Labor Standards reports its pay floor for app-based delivery workers successfully increased courier earnings and order volume during its first 18 months, findings disputed by major gig economy companies. **Why it matters:** This report provides a crucial case study for businesses and staffing leaders navigating the growing trend of local and state-level regulations impacting contingent and gig workforces. **Between the lines:** - Courier earnings rose significantly following the ordinance's implementation. - Order volume for app-based deliveries also experienced growth. - DoorDash, Uber Eats, and Instacart have publicly challenged the report's conclusions. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR departments must closely monitor evolving gig economy regulations for compliance risks and potential impacts on operational costs and talent acquisition strategies. Such laws can influence recruiter mobility and gross margins by standardizing pay floors. **The bottom line:** Expect more cities to consider similar gig worker protections, compelling platforms to adapt their business models and potentially reshape the contingent workforce landscape.
**The big picture:** The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled 5-2 that app-based delivery drivers, previously classified as independent contractors, are entitled to state unemployment benefits, directly challenging DoorDash's classification model. **Why it matters:** This landmark decision significantly expands worker protections in the gig economy and could compel businesses relying on similar independent contractor models to re-evaluate their workforce classifications and benefit structures. **Between the lines:** - The Massachusetts SJC issued a 5-2 majority decision. - The ruling specifically targeted app-based delivery drivers. - It directly rejected DoorDash's independent contractor classification. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR leaders must scrutinize independent contractor agreements, especially in states with stringent classification tests, to mitigate misclassification risks. This could lead to increased payroll taxes and benefit contributions for contingent workforces, impacting gross margins. **The bottom line:** Expect a ripple effect of legal challenges and a renewed push for legislative clarity on gig worker status across the nation.
**The big picture:** Federal and state agencies are locked in a contentious dispute over the legal classification of gig workers, impacting platform-based independent contractors like those on Uber and DoorDash. **Why it matters:** This battle directly affects operational models, labor costs, and compliance risks for companies utilizing or supporting contingent workforces. **Between the lines:** - Competing tests are applied by various agencies to determine worker status. - Companies such as Uber, Lyft, DoorDash, and Amazon Flex are central to the debate. - The dispute involves both federal and state regulatory bodies seeking to establish legal standards. **Staffing & HR impact:** Misclassification risks can lead to significant back pay, penalties, and operational restructuring for staffing firms and employers. Recruiters must navigate evolving legal landscapes to ensure compliant talent engagement. **The bottom line:** The outcome will redefine the future of the gig economy and contingent labor, demanding vigilance from workforce strategists.
**The big picture:** America's gig workforce grew by 19% year-over-year in Q2 2026, primarily driven by Gen Z adoption of major worker-side apps. This surge indicates a significant shift in labor participation and preferences. **Why it matters:** This trend impacts talent acquisition strategies, highlighting a growing pool of flexible labor and potential shifts in traditional employment models. Staffing firms must adapt to leverage this expanding contingent workforce. **Between the lines:** - Daily active users on six major gig apps are up 19.0% YoY in Q2 2026. - Gen Z is identified as the leading demographic driving this growth. - Apps analyzed include DoorDash-Dasher, Uber-Driver, Instacart Shopper, Lyft Driver, Shipt, and Gopuff Driver. **Staffing & HR impact:** Recruiters must understand the motivations and platforms attracting Gen Z to effectively tap into this talent segment for contingent roles. HR compliance teams should monitor evolving regulations around gig worker classification and benefits. **The bottom line:** The gig economy's rapid expansion, led by younger generations, is fundamentally reshaping the future of work.
**The big picture:** Gig economy platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and DoorDash have secured significant legal victories in seven nations, reversing previous reclassifications of 3.1 million workers to employee status. These rulings reinforce the independent contractor model for gig workers globally. **Why it matters:** This trend provides crucial clarity for businesses operating in the gig economy and impacts the broader contingent workforce landscape, influencing labor market strategies and compliance frameworks for staffing and HR leaders. **Between the lines:** - Approximately 3.1 million workers were initially reclassified before court reversals. - Legal wins were achieved across seven different countries. - Key platforms involved include Uber, Deliveroo, and DoorDash. **Staffing & HR impact:** These decisions can stabilize operating models for companies utilizing gig labor, potentially reducing HR compliance burdens related to employee benefits and protections. It may also influence how staffing firms structure their engagement with flexible talent pools and manage gross margins. **The bottom line:** The global legal environment is increasingly affirming the independent contractor classification for gig platforms, setting a precedent for future labor models.
**The big picture:** Former President Trump's recent DoorDash delivery
**The big picture:** FedEx faces significant pressure in the B2C parcel market, losing volume to retailers and gig-based services due to its costly B2B-optimized delivery model. To compete, FedEx must widely adopt a gig worker model for last-mile home deliveries. **Why it matters:** This strategic pivot highlights how traditional carriers must adapt labor models for e-commerce, impacting staffing strategies, cost structures, and the future of work across the logistics sector. **Between the lines:** - FedEx dropped Amazon in 2019, but now Walmart is rapidly expanding its own gig-based delivery via "Spark." - Walmart also leverages other gig carriers like Roadie (a UPS company) and DoorDash for last-mile. - Traditional B2B delivery networks are too expensive for small, price-sensitive B2C e-commerce parcels. **Staffing & HR impact:** A widespread shift to gig workers would fundamentally alter FedEx's labor force composition, potentially reducing full-time employee needs and introducing new HR compliance complexities around independent contractors. This model aims to significantly lower delivery costs, directly impacting gross margins for logistics providers. **The bottom line:** The imperative for cost-effective, agile last-mile delivery is forcing established players to fundamentally rethink their workforce strategies, with gig models at the forefront.
**The big picture:** New research highlights how algorithmic management in gig work shapes worker choices, often for individuals striving to prevent downward economic mobility. **Why it matters:** Staffing and HR leaders need to grasp how platform control influences worker autonomy, retention, and the evolving definition of "good" jobs within the contingent workforce. **Between the lines:** - Research was inspired by personal experiences with "OG gig work" and age discrimination. - Study evolved to focus on organizational aspects of gig companies like Uber and DoorDash. - Examines how constant, confined choices can manufacture worker consent within these systems. **Staffing & HR impact:** Algorithmic control impacts strategies for attracting and retaining contingent talent, potentially affecting worker satisfaction and operational efficiency. HR compliance may face new challenges regarding worker classification and fair labor practices. **The bottom line:** Algorithmic management is fundamentally reshaping worker agency and the nature of employment in the modern economy.
**The big picture:** DoorDash has agreed to a $131.5 million settlement with New York City for wage theft and late payments affecting over 260,000 couriers, marking the largest such settlement in the city's history. **Why it matters:** This case highlights persistent issues of worker misclassification and under-resourced enforcement in the gig economy, signaling increased scrutiny and potential liabilities for companies relying on independent contractor models. **Between the lines:** - The settlement occurred despite NYC being one of the few cities with a minimum wage for gig delivery workers. - DoorDash admitted to
**The big picture:** DoorDash has appointed WPP Media as its first global media partner, consolidating planning and buying for DoorDash, Deliveroo, and Wolt across more than 40 international markets. This move centralizes marketing efforts for a major player in the global gig economy. **Why it matters:** This strategic consolidation reflects a push for greater operational efficiency and brand consistency across diverse regions for a leading delivery platform. It highlights the increasing global integration of gig economy giants. **Between the lines:** - WPP Media will manage all global media planning and buying. - The consolidation covers three key delivery brands: DoorDash, Deliveroo, and Wolt. - The unified strategy will be implemented across over 40 markets worldwide. **Staffing & HR impact:** While not directly HR-focused, such global operational streamlining can influence how talent acquisition campaigns are managed and executed across diverse regions, potentially impacting recruiter resource allocation and global employer branding efforts. It underscores the importance of integrated strategies for large, distributed workforces. **The bottom line:** Global operational efficiency and brand synergy are paramount for expanding gig economy platforms.
**The big picture:** DoorDash has agreed to a $131.5 million settlement with New York City over allegations of underpaying delivery workers and withholding tips. This resolves claims that the company, and rival Uber Eats, used "design tricks" to deprive workers of over $550 million. **Why it matters:** This significant settlement underscores increasing regulatory scrutiny on gig economy pay practices and worker classification, setting a precedent for how platforms compensate their contingent workforce. Corporate and staffing leaders must monitor evolving labor laws. **Between the lines:** - DoorDash will provide nearly $115 million in relief to approximately 264,000 workers. - The city accused DoorDash and Uber Eats of engineering "design tricks" to deprive workers of tips. - The total alleged tip deprivation across both companies was over $550 million. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and companies utilizing contingent labor face heightened compliance risks regarding pay transparency and worker classification. Such settlements can impact operational costs and gross margins, necessitating robust HR compliance frameworks. **The bottom line:** Expect continued regulatory pressure on gig economy platforms to ensure fair worker compensation.
**The big picture:** New York City Mayor Zohran Kwame Mamdani has secured a record $131.5 million settlement from DoorDash for over 260,000 delivery workers, marking the largest worker settlement in NYC history. This landmark agreement provides significant relief and stronger protections against unemployment for gig workers. **Why it matters:** This settlement sets a major precedent for gig economy companies regarding worker compensation and benefits, signaling increased regulatory scrutiny and potential reclassification pressures nationwide. Corporate leaders must assess their contingent workforce models for similar liabilities. **Between the lines:** - Largest worker settlement in NYC history. - Largest settlement for delivery workers in American municipal history. - Benefits over 260,000 workers with stronger unemployment protections. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms engaging with gig workers or clients utilizing such models face heightened compliance risks and potential operational cost increases. HR departments must re-evaluate worker classification strategies and ensure fair compensation practices to avoid similar legal challenges. **The bottom line:** This ruling underscores a growing trend of municipal and state-level regulatory enforcement targeting gig economy worker protections.
**The big picture:** Australia has introduced "world-leading" minimum pay and new protections for on-demand delivery drivers, including those working for Uber Eats and DoorDash. This marks a significant shift in how gig workers are treated, moving towards more traditional employment standards. **Why it matters:** This precedent could influence global labor regulations, forcing companies to reassess business models reliant on independent contractors and impacting the profitability and operational flexibility of gig platforms worldwide. **Between the lines:** - New standards cover drivers for platforms like Uber Eats and DoorDash. - Mandates minimum pay rates and enhanced worker protections. - Legislation is described as "world-leading" in scope. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR departments must monitor evolving international labor laws, as these changes could increase compliance burdens and operating costs for companies utilizing contingent workforces. It also signals a potential shift in how "independent contractor" status is defined globally. **The bottom line:** The global gig economy faces increasing regulatory pressure to formalize worker rights and compensation.
**The big picture:** Gig workers, especially for platforms like Uber and DoorDash, are increasingly dependent on public assistance, a trend evident since 2025. **Why it matters:** This highlights significant economic instability in the gig economy, prompting concerns for worker welfare and potential regulatory responses. **Between the lines:** - DoorDash, Lyft, and Uber workers were noted for receiving supplemental government benefits in 2025. - The reliance on public assistance is an ongoing issue. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR must prepare for potential regulatory shifts impacting worker classification and benefits, which could raise contingent labor costs and compliance burdens. **The bottom line:** The growing financial precarity of gig workers is a critical issue for the future of flexible work.
**The big picture:** The US Supreme Court unanimously ruled that "last-mile" gig workers engaged in interstate commerce are exempt from mandatory arbitration under the Federal Arbitration Act. This allows them to pursue wage-and-hour claims in court. **Why it matters:** This decision increases legal exposure for companies utilizing specific gig models, potentially leading to more litigation and challenging the widespread use of arbitration agreements for certain contingent workforces. **Between the lines:** - The Federal Arbitration Act's exemption applies to "transportation workers engaged in interstate commerce." - The ruling specifically benefits "last-mile" drivers for programs like Amazon Flex. - It's not a universal solution; many gig workers for platforms like Instacart or DoorDash may still be subject to arbitration. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and employers must review arbitration agreements for transportation-focused contingent workers to ensure compliance. Increased litigation risk for wage disputes could impact operational costs and gross margins. **The bottom line:** Companies must refine worker classification and dispute resolution strategies as specific gig worker segments gain greater access to courts.
**The big picture:** Seattle's Office of Labor Standards reports its pay floor for app-based delivery workers successfully increased courier earnings and order volume during its first 18 months, findings disputed by major gig economy companies. **Why it matters:** This report provides a crucial case study for businesses and staffing leaders navigating the growing trend of local and state-level regulations impacting contingent and gig workforces. **Between the lines:** - Courier earnings rose significantly following the ordinance's implementation. - Order volume for app-based deliveries also experienced growth. - DoorDash, Uber Eats, and Instacart have publicly challenged the report's conclusions. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR departments must closely monitor evolving gig economy regulations for compliance risks and potential impacts on operational costs and talent acquisition strategies. Such laws can influence recruiter mobility and gross margins by standardizing pay floors. **The bottom line:** Expect more cities to consider similar gig worker protections, compelling platforms to adapt their business models and potentially reshape the contingent workforce landscape.
**The big picture:** The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled 5-2 that app-based delivery drivers, previously classified as independent contractors, are entitled to state unemployment benefits, directly challenging DoorDash's classification model. **Why it matters:** This landmark decision significantly expands worker protections in the gig economy and could compel businesses relying on similar independent contractor models to re-evaluate their workforce classifications and benefit structures. **Between the lines:** - The Massachusetts SJC issued a 5-2 majority decision. - The ruling specifically targeted app-based delivery drivers. - It directly rejected DoorDash's independent contractor classification. **Staffing & HR impact:** Staffing firms and HR leaders must scrutinize independent contractor agreements, especially in states with stringent classification tests, to mitigate misclassification risks. This could lead to increased payroll taxes and benefit contributions for contingent workforces, impacting gross margins. **The bottom line:** Expect a ripple effect of legal challenges and a renewed push for legislative clarity on gig worker status across the nation.
**The big picture:** Federal and state agencies are locked in a contentious dispute over the legal classification of gig workers, impacting platform-based independent contractors like those on Uber and DoorDash. **Why it matters:** This battle directly affects operational models, labor costs, and compliance risks for companies utilizing or supporting contingent workforces. **Between the lines:** - Competing tests are applied by various agencies to determine worker status. - Companies such as Uber, Lyft, DoorDash, and Amazon Flex are central to the debate. - The dispute involves both federal and state regulatory bodies seeking to establish legal standards. **Staffing & HR impact:** Misclassification risks can lead to significant back pay, penalties, and operational restructuring for staffing firms and employers. Recruiters must navigate evolving legal landscapes to ensure compliant talent engagement. **The bottom line:** The outcome will redefine the future of the gig economy and contingent labor, demanding vigilance from workforce strategists.
**The big picture:** America's gig workforce grew by 19% year-over-year in Q2 2026, primarily driven by Gen Z adoption of major worker-side apps. This surge indicates a significant shift in labor participation and preferences. **Why it matters:** This trend impacts talent acquisition strategies, highlighting a growing pool of flexible labor and potential shifts in traditional employment models. Staffing firms must adapt to leverage this expanding contingent workforce. **Between the lines:** - Daily active users on six major gig apps are up 19.0% YoY in Q2 2026. - Gen Z is identified as the leading demographic driving this growth. - Apps analyzed include DoorDash-Dasher, Uber-Driver, Instacart Shopper, Lyft Driver, Shipt, and Gopuff Driver. **Staffing & HR impact:** Recruiters must understand the motivations and platforms attracting Gen Z to effectively tap into this talent segment for contingent roles. HR compliance teams should monitor evolving regulations around gig worker classification and benefits. **The bottom line:** The gig economy's rapid expansion, led by younger generations, is fundamentally reshaping the future of work.
**The big picture:** Gig economy platforms like Uber, Deliveroo, and DoorDash have secured significant legal victories in seven nations, reversing previous reclassifications of 3.1 million workers to employee status. These rulings reinforce the independent contractor model for gig workers globally. **Why it matters:** This trend provides crucial clarity for businesses operating in the gig economy and impacts the broader contingent workforce landscape, influencing labor market strategies and compliance frameworks for staffing and HR leaders. **Between the lines:** - Approximately 3.1 million workers were initially reclassified before court reversals. - Legal wins were achieved across seven different countries. - Key platforms involved include Uber, Deliveroo, and DoorDash. **Staffing & HR impact:** These decisions can stabilize operating models for companies utilizing gig labor, potentially reducing HR compliance burdens related to employee benefits and protections. It may also influence how staffing firms structure their engagement with flexible talent pools and manage gross margins. **The bottom line:** The global legal environment is increasingly affirming the independent contractor classification for gig platforms, setting a precedent for future labor models.
**The big picture:** Former President Trump's recent DoorDash delivery
**The big picture:** FedEx faces significant pressure in the B2C parcel market, losing volume to retailers and gig-based services due to its costly B2B-optimized delivery model. To compete, FedEx must widely adopt a gig worker model for last-mile home deliveries. **Why it matters:** This strategic pivot highlights how traditional carriers must adapt labor models for e-commerce, impacting staffing strategies, cost structures, and the future of work across the logistics sector. **Between the lines:** - FedEx dropped Amazon in 2019, but now Walmart is rapidly expanding its own gig-based delivery via "Spark." - Walmart also leverages other gig carriers like Roadie (a UPS company) and DoorDash for last-mile. - Traditional B2B delivery networks are too expensive for small, price-sensitive B2C e-commerce parcels. **Staffing & HR impact:** A widespread shift to gig workers would fundamentally alter FedEx's labor force composition, potentially reducing full-time employee needs and introducing new HR compliance complexities around independent contractors. This model aims to significantly lower delivery costs, directly impacting gross margins for logistics providers. **The bottom line:** The imperative for cost-effective, agile last-mile delivery is forcing established players to fundamentally rethink their workforce strategies, with gig models at the forefront.
**The big picture:** New research highlights how algorithmic management in gig work shapes worker choices, often for individuals striving to prevent downward economic mobility. **Why it matters:** Staffing and HR leaders need to grasp how platform control influences worker autonomy, retention, and the evolving definition of "good" jobs within the contingent workforce. **Between the lines:** - Research was inspired by personal experiences with "OG gig work" and age discrimination. - Study evolved to focus on organizational aspects of gig companies like Uber and DoorDash. - Examines how constant, confined choices can manufacture worker consent within these systems. **Staffing & HR impact:** Algorithmic control impacts strategies for attracting and retaining contingent talent, potentially affecting worker satisfaction and operational efficiency. HR compliance may face new challenges regarding worker classification and fair labor practices. **The bottom line:** Algorithmic management is fundamentally reshaping worker agency and the nature of employment in the modern economy.